Daga José Miguel Muñoz Gómez - Manyan layukan polyethylene masu girma sun shahara don yin aiki a cikin tudu, ma'adinai, ruwan sha, da sauran sassa masu mahimmanci. Kadan da aka tattauna amma ƙimar ƙima shine madaidaicin ƙimar sawun carbon wanda HDPE geomembranes ke ba da shingen gargajiya kamar yumɓu mai yumɓu.
A 1.5mm (60-mil) HDPE liner na iya samar da hatimi mai kama da 0.6m na babban inganci, yumbu mai yumɓu mai kama da juna kuma yana ba da damar haɓaka ƙasa da 1 x 10-11 m / s (a kowace ASTM D 5887). A HDPE geomembrane daga baya ya zarce gaba ɗaya rashin ƙarfi da matakan dorewa lokacin da mutum yayi nazarin cikakken rikodin kimiyya, tare da la'akari da duk albarkatun da makamashi a cikin samar da yumbu da HDPE geomembranes da za a yi amfani da su azaman shinge mai shinge.
Hanyar geosynthetic tana ba da, kamar yadda bayanai suka nuna, ƙarin bayani game da muhalli.
FALALAR KASHIN KARFE & HDPE GEOMEMBRANE
Babban bangaren HDPE shine ethylene monomer, wanda aka sanya shi don samar da polyethylene. Babban abubuwan haɓakawa sune aluminum trialkylitatanium tetrachloride da chromium oxide
Polymerization na ethylene da co-monomers a cikin HDPE yana faruwa a cikin reactor a gaban hydrogen a zazzabi na har zuwa 110 ° C (230 ° F). Sakamakon HDPE foda ana ciyar da shi a cikin pelletizer.
SOTRAFA tana amfani da tsarin da aka ba da izini (lebur ɗin mutuwa) don yin na farko HDPE geomembrane (ALVATECH HDPE) daga waɗannan pellets.
GHG Identification da CO2 Daidaita
Gas ɗin da aka haɗa a cikin ƙimar sawun carbon ɗinmu sune farkon GHGs da aka yi la'akari da su a cikin waɗannan ka'idoji: carbon dioxide, methane, da nitrous oxide. Kowane iskar gas yana da nau'ikan dumamar yanayi daban-daban (GWP), wanda shine ma'auni na yawan adadin iskar iskar gas ɗin da ke haifar da ɗumamar yanayi ko sauyin yanayi.
Carbon dioxide ta ma'anar ana ba da GWP na 1.0. Don ƙididdige gudummawar methane da nitrous oxide ga tasirin gabaɗaya, yawan iskar methane da nitrous oxide suna ninka ta hanyar abubuwan GWP daban-daban sannan kuma a kara yawan iskar carbon dioxide don ƙididdige yawan “carbon dioxide daidai” taro. fitarwa. Don dalilai na wannan labarin, an ɗauki GWPs daga ƙimar da aka jera a cikin jagorar EPA ta Amurka ta 2010 "Rahoton Tilas na Tushen Gas na Greenhouse."
An yi la'akari da GWPs na GHGs a cikin wannan bincike:
Carbon Dioxide = 1.0 GWP 1 kg CO2 eq/Kg CO2
Methane = 21.0 GWP 21 Kg CO2 eq/Kg CH4
Nitrous Oxide = 310.0 GWP 310 kg CO2 eq/kg N2O
Yin amfani da dangin GWPs na GHGs, an ƙididdige yawan ma'aunin carbon dioxide (CO2eq) kamar haka:
kg CO2 + (21.0 x kg CH4) + (310.0 x kg N2O) = kg CO2 eq
Zato: makamashi, ruwa, da bayanan sharar gida daga hakar albarkatun kasa (man ko iskar gas) ta hanyar samar da pellets na HDPE sannan kuma kera geomembrane HDPE:
5 mm kauri HDPE geomembrane, tare da yawa 940 Kg/m3
HDPE sawun carbon shine 1.60Kg CO2/kg polyethylene (ICE, 2008)
940Kg/m3 x 0.0015 mx 10,000 m2/ha x 1.15 (zamantakewa da zoba) = 16,215 Kgr HDPE/ha
E = 16,215 Kg HDPE/Ha x 1.60 Kg CO2/kg HDPE => 25.944 Kg CO2 eq/ha
Sufuri na Zato: 15.6 m2 / mota, 1000 km daga masana'antar masana'anta zuwa wurin aiki
15 kg CO2/ gal dizal x gal/3,785 lita = 2.68 Kg CO2 / lita dizal
26 g N2O/gal dizal x gal/3,785 lita x 0.31 kg CO2 eq/g N2O = 0.021 kg CO2 eq/lita dizal
44g CH4/gal diese x gal/3,785 lita x 0.021 kg CO2 eq/g CH4 = 0.008 kg CO2 eq/lita dizal
1 lita diesel = 2.68 + 0.021 + 0.008 = 2.71 kg CO2 eq
Abubuwan da ake fitar da motocin da ke kan hanya:
E = TMT x (EF CO2 + 0.021∙EF CH4 + 0.310∙EF N2O)
E = TMT x (0.972 + (0.021 x 0.0035)+(0.310 x 0.0027)) = TM x 0.298 Kg CO2 eq/ton mile
Inda:
E = Jimlar CO2 daidai da fitar (kg)
TMT = Ton Miles Yayi Tafiya
EF CO2 = Yanayin fitarwa na CO2 (0.297 kg CO2/ton-mile)
EF CH4 = CH4 fitarwa (0.0035 gr CH4/ton-mile)
EF N2O = N2O fitarwa (0.0027 g N2O/ton-mile)
Juyawa zuwa Ma'auni:
0.298 kg CO2/ton-mile x 1.102 ton/ton x mile/1.61 km = 0,204 kg CO2/ton-km
E = TKT x 0,204 kg CO2 eq/ton-km
Inda:
E = Jimlar CO2 daidaitattun hayaki (Kg)
TKT = tonne – kilomita Tafiya.
Nisa daga Shuka Manufacturing (Sotrafa) zuwa Wurin Aiki (Tsarin Zama) = 1000km
Nauyin Motar Mota Na Musamman: 15,455 kg/mota + 15.6 m2 x 1.5 x 0.94/babbu = 37,451 kg/mota
641 manyan motoci / ha
E = (1000 km x 37,451 kg/motar x tonne/1000 kg x 0.641 truck/ha) x 0.204 kg CO2 eq/ton-km =
E = 4,897.24 Kg CO2 eq/ha
Takaitawa na Geomembrane HDPE 1.5 mm Sawun Carbon
SIFFOFIN TSINTSIN TSINTSIN RUBUTU DA KWALLON KAFANSA
An yi amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan lilin yumbu a tarihi azaman shinge mai shinge a cikin tafkunan ruwa da wuraren sharar gida. Bukatun ƙa'idodi na gama gari don ƙaƙƙarfan layin yumbu sune mafi ƙarancin kauri na 0.6 m, tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin hydraulic na 1 x 10-11 m/sec.
Tsarin: Ana hako yumbu a tushen aro ta amfani da daidaitattun kayan aikin gini, wanda kuma ke loda kayan a kan manyan motocin juji na tri-axle don jigilar zuwa wurin aiki. Ana tsammanin kowace babbar mota tana da ƙarfin 15 m3 na ƙasa maras kyau. Yin amfani da ma'auni na 1.38, an kiyasta cewa za a buƙaci fiye da manyan motoci 550 na ƙasa don gina layin yumbu mai kauri mai kauri mai tsayi 0.6m akan yanki mai hectare ɗaya.
Nisa daga tushen aro zuwa wurin aiki, ba shakka, takamaiman rukunin yanar gizon ne kuma yana iya bambanta sosai. Don dalilan wannan bincike, an ɗauka nisan kilomita 16 (mil 10). Sufuri daga tushen aro na yumbu kuma wurin aiki shine babban sashi na gabaɗayan hayaƙin carbon. An bincika hankalin sawun carbon gaba ɗaya zuwa canje-canje a cikin takamaiman madaidaicin rukunin yanar gizon anan.
Takaitacciyar Tafarn Sawun Carbon Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwal ) na Ƙaƙa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙaƙa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwar Carbon
KAMMALAWA
Yayin da za a zabar geomembranes na HDPE koyaushe don yin aiki kafin fa'idodin sawun carbon, lissafin da aka yi amfani da shi a nan ya sake goyan bayan amfani da maganin geosynthetic akan filaye na dorewa tare da sauran hanyoyin ginin gama gari.
Geomembranes irin su ALVATECH HDPE 1.5 mm za a ƙayyade don tsayin daka na sinadarai, ƙaƙƙarfan kayan aikin injiniya, da kuma rayuwar sabis na dogon lokaci; amma kuma ya kamata mu dauki lokaci don gane cewa wannan kayan yana ba da ƙimar sawun carbon wanda yake ƙasa da 3x ƙasa da yumɓu mai yumɓu. Ko da kun ƙididdige yumbu mai kyau da wurin aro mai nisan kilomita 16 daga wurin aikin, HDPE geomembranes da ke fitowa daga kilomita 1000 har yanzu sun fi ƙarfin yumbu akan ma'aunin sawun carbon.
Daga: https://www.geosynthetica.net/carbon-footprint-hdpe-geomembranes-aug2018/
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-28-2022